Roma 2:14-15

2:14 For whenever the Gentiles, ¹  who do not have the law, do by nature ²  the things required by the law, ³  these who do not have the law are a law to themselves. 2:15 They ⁴  show that the work of the law is written ⁵  in their hearts, as their conscience bears witness and their conflicting thoughts accuse or else defend ⁶  them, ⁷ 

Roma 1:18-21

The Condemnation of the Unrighteous

1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people ⁸  who suppress the truth by their ⁹  unrighteousness, ¹⁰  1:19 because what can be known about God is plain to them, ¹¹  because God has made it plain to them. 1:20 For since the creation of the world his invisible attributes – his eternal power and divine nature – have been clearly seen, because they are understood through what has been made. So people ¹²  are without excuse. 1:21 For although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God or give him thanks, but they became futile in their thoughts and their senseless hearts ¹³  were darkened.

Roma 1:32

1:32 Although they fully know ¹⁴  God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, ¹⁵  they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. ¹⁶ 

[2:14]  ¹ sn Gentile is a NT term for a non-Jew.

[2:14]  ² tn Some (e.g. C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans [ICC], 1:135-37) take the phrase φύσει (fusei, “by nature”) to go with the preceding “do not have the law,” thus: “the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature,” that is, by virtue of not being born Jewish.

[2:14]  ³ tn Grk “do by nature the things of the law.”

[2:15]  ⁴ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[2:15]  ⁵ tn Grk “show the work of the law [to be] written,” with the words in brackets implied by the Greek construction.

[2:15]  ⁶ tn Or “excuse.”

[2:15]  ⁷ tn Grk “their conscience bearing witness and between the thoughts accusing or also defending one another.”

[1:18]  ⁸ tn The genitive ἀνθρώπων could be taken as an attributed genitive, in which case the phase should be translated “against all ungodly and unrighteous people” (cf. “the truth of God” in v. 25 which is also probably an attributed genitive). C. E. B. Cranfield takes the section 1:18-32 to refer to all people (not just Gentiles), while 2:1-3:20 points out that the Jew is no exception (Romans [ICC], 1:104-6; 1:137-38).

[1:18]  ⁹ tn “Their” is implied in the Greek, but is supplied because of English style.

[1:18]  ¹⁰ tn Or “by means of unrighteousness.” Grk “in (by) unrighteousness.”

[1:19]  ¹¹ tn Grk “is manifest to/in them.”

[1:20]  ¹² tn Grk “they”; the referent (people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:21]  ¹³ tn Grk “heart.”

[1:32]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[1:32]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

[1:32]  ¹⁶ sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.